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Iran
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Country name:
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran
conventional short form: Iran
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
local short form: Iran
former: Persia
Government type:
theocratic republic
Capital:
name: Tehran
time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
Independence:
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed) 
Area:
total: 1.648 million sq km
land: 1.636 million sq km
water: 12,000 sq km
Climate:
mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Terrain:
rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains;
small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Natural resources:
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead,
manganese, zinc, sulfur
Population:
68,688,433 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 26.1% (male 9,204,785/female 8,731,429)
15-64 years: 69% (male 24,133,919/female 23,245,255)
65 years and over: 4.9% (male 1,653,827/female 1,719,218) (2006
est.)
Median age:
total: 24.8 years
male: 24.6 years
female: 25 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.1% (2006 est.)
Birth rate:
17 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate:
5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female
total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Religions:
Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 9%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian,
and Baha'i 2%
Languages:
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%,
Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79.4%
male: 85.6%
female: 73% (2003 est.)
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$569.9 billion (2005 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$181.2 billion (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6.9% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$8,400 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 11.6%
industry: 42.4%
services: 46% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
23.68 million
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 30%
industry: 25%
services: 45% (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate:
11.2% (2004 est.)
Population below poverty line:
40% (2002 est.)
Currency (code):
Iranian rial (IRR)
Exchange rates:
rials per US dollar - 8,964 (2005), 8,614 (2004), 8,193.9 (2003),
6,907 (2002), 1,753.6 (2001)
note: Iran has been using a managed floating exchange rate regime
since unifying multiple exchange rates in March 2002
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